Arthur Conan Doyle was a Scottish physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. Born in Edinburgh in 1859, Doyle gained fame for his Sherlock Holmes stories, which revolutionized the detective genre and became classics of English literature. He was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, historical novels, plays and romances, poetry, and non-fiction. Despite the immense success of Sherlock Holmes, Doyle also contributed significantly to various other fields, including medical research, public service, and advocating for various causes. His impact on literature and popular culture remains profound, with Holmes remaining a cultural icon even after over a century since his creation.