Overview: Thirteen achievements in medicine: Andreas Vesalius's anatomical charts, William Harvey's breakthrough on blood circulation, Karl Landsteiner's identification of blood groups, the development of anesthesia, Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of X-rays, Louis Pasteur's establishment of bacteriology, Frederick Hopkins's recognition of the importance of vitamins, the discovery and isolation of penicillin, the development of sulfa drugs, Edward Jenner's invention of vaccine, and the discoveries of insulin, oncogenes and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).